Terry says: <<Would you place in a listing of hardboiled novels such works as the ones below? Three of S.S. Van Dine's Philo Vance novels. Tobacco Road by Erskine Caldwell Sanctuary by William Faulkner Junkie by William Burroughs The Subterraneans by Jack Kerouac Case Of The Velvet Claw by Erle Stanley Gardner (first Perry Mason) and the first four James Bond's from Ian Fleming!>> Philo Vance? Not at all hardboiled. Caldwell - a great writer, and Tobacco Road could well qualify as hardboiled (it's a gritty, realistic tale). Incidentally, why are his excellent short stories out of print? Sanctuary - Definitely hardboiled. Gardner's Velvet Claw - Gardner was quite hardboiled until this book, and the boundary could well be stretched. Kerouac and Burroughs - Mmmm. James Bond - No. These are action thrillers but not at all realistic (in fact, they are parodies). Compare with Donald Hamilton's Matt Helm novels. The problem with extending the "hardboiled" denomination to any tough, realistic fiction (regardless of whether it has to do with crime or not) is that it becomes too large a category. Once you enlarge it thus, you have to include Dos Passos, Hemingway, Flannery O'Connor, early Mailer, Henry Miller, Trumbo, Mario Puzo, Tim O'Brien, and so on. I guess we are back to the old discussion on definitions. I knew it would be coming back.... Regards, Mario Taboada - # RARA-AVIS: To unsubscribe, say "unsubscribe rara-avis" # to majordomo@icomm.ca